An International Publications House

Albert Science International Organization

Connecting People With Pioneering Thought

Albert Science International Organization (ASIO) is international , peer-reviewed , open access , cum print version & online journals.
JOURNALS || ASIO Journal of Pharmaceutical & Herbal Medicines Research (ASIO-JPHMR) [ISSN: 2455-281X]
SCOPE OF TELE-PHARMACISTS IN PANDEMIC SITUATIONS: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

Author Names : Abdul Kader Mohiuddin
Page No. : 14-21
Read Hit : 898
Pdf Downloads Hit : 24  Volume 6 Issue 1
Article Overview

Telemedicine and tele-health technologies are especially effective during epidemic outbreaks, when health authorities recommend implementing social distance systems. Currently, corona virus- COVID-19 has affected 210 countries around the world, killed more than 190,000 and infected more than 2.7 million, according to worldometer, April 24, 2020. Home-care is especially important in these situations because hospitals are not seemingly safe during pandemic outbreaks. Also, the chance to get out of the home during the lockdown period is limited. Telephone-based measures improve efficiency by linking appropriate information and feedback. It can also help provide education at distance on various health issues and topics. In addition to increasing access to healthcare, telemedicine is a fruitful and proactive way to provide a variety of benefits to patients seeking healthcare; diagnose and monitor critical and chronic health conditions; improve healthcare quality and reduce costs. The article reveals scope of pharmacy professionals in telemedicine sector during epidemic outbreaks.

Reference
  1. Kane-Gill SL, Niznik JD, Kellum JA, et al. Use of Telemedicine to Enhance Pharmacist Services in the Nursing Facility. Consult Pharm. 2017;32(2):93–98. doi:10.4140/TCP.n.2017.93.
  2. Pike H. Web therapy: how pharmacists are leading the way on telehealth. The Pharmaceutical Journal 09.08.2018.
  3. Bates I, John C, Bruno A, Fu P, Aliabadi S. An analysis of the global pharmacy workforce capacity. Hum Resour Health. 2016;14(1):61. Published 2016 Oct 10. doi:10.1186/s12960-016-0158-z
  4. Goode JV, Owen J, Page A, Gatewood S. Community-Based Pharmacy Practice Innovation and the Role of the Community-Based Pharmacist Practitioner in the United States. Pharmacy (Basel). 2019;7(3):106. Published 2019 Aug 4. doi:10.3390/pharmacy7030106
  5. Hasan MK, Shahriar A, Jim KU. Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health. Heliyon. 2019;5(8):e02145. Published 2019 Aug 2. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02145
  6. Saha S, Hossain MT. Evaluation of medicines dispensing pattern of private pharmacies in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):136. Published 2017 Feb 13. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2072-z
  7. Muhammad F, Chowdhury M, Arifuzzaman M, Chowdhury AA. Public Health Problems in Bangladesh: Issues and challenges. South East Asia Journal of Public Health. 2017;6(2):11-16. doi:10.3329/seajph.v6i2.31830.
  8. Dayaram S, Pokharel S. Bangladesh hit by worst dengue outbreak on record. CNNhealth July 30, 2019.
  9. Mohiuddin AK. Dengue Epidemic Situation in Bangladesh. Journal of Clinical Case Studies. 2019;4(3). doi:10.16966/2471-4925.193.
  10. Mohiuddin AK. Chemical Contaminants and Pollutants in the Measurable Life of Dhaka City. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research. 2019;3(2), em0083. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/5727
  11. BBS/UNICEF. Bangladesh MICS 2012-2013 Water Quality Thematic Report, March, 2018.
  12. Amin N, Rahman M, Raj S, et al. Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0221193. Published 2019 Dec 16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221193
  13. Al-Shoaibi AAA, Matsuyama A, Khalequzzaman M, et al. Perceptions and behavior related to noncommunicable diseases among slum dwellers in a rapidly urbanizing city, Dhaka, Bangladesh: a qualitative study. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2018;80(4):559–569. doi:10.18999/nagjms.80.4.559
  14. van der Heijden J, Gray N, Stringer B, et al. 'Working to stay healthy', health-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh's urban slums: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):600. Published 2019 May 17. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6750-0
  15. Nizame FA, Alam MU, Masud AA, Shoab AK, Opel A, Islam MK, Luby SP, Unicomb L. Hygiene in Restaurants and among Street Food Vendors in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019 Sep;101(3):566-575. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0896.
  16. AK Mohiuddin. Medical Waste: A Nobody’s Responsibility After Disposal. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res. 2018; 15(2): 555908. DOI:10.19080/IJESNR.2018.15.555908
  17. Mohiuddin A. An A-Z Pharmaceutical Industry: Bangladesh Perspective. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science. 2019;9(1):17-28. doi:10.5958/2231-5659.2019.00004.3.
  18. Mohiuddin AK. Pharmaco-economics: Essential but merely practiced in Bangladesh. Academia Journal of Scientific Research. 2019; 7(3): 182-187. DOI: 10.15413/ajsr.2018.0195
  19. Husain M, Rahman M, Alamgir A, Uzzaman MS, Flora MS. Disease Surveillance System of Bangladesh: Combating Public Health Emergencies. Online J Public Health Inform. 2019;11(1):e334. Published 2019 May 30. doi:10.5210/ojphi.v11i1.9815
  20. Online Report. Export earnings drop to $26.24b in eight months. The Financial Express, March 05, 2020.
  21. Ahmed SM, Naher N, Hossain T, Rawal LB. Exploring the status of retail private drug shops in Bangladesh and action points for developing an accredited drug shop model: a facility based cross-sectional study. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2017;10:21. Published 2017 Jul 11. doi:10.1186/s40545-017-0108-8
  22. Mohiuddin AK. Patient satisfaction with healthcare services: Bangladesh perspective. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS). 2020;9(1):34-45. doi:10.11591/ijphs.v9i1.20386.
  23. Saleh A. In Bangladesh, COVID-19 threatens to cause a humanitarian crisis. World economic Forum, 06.04.2020.
  24. Mohiuddin AK. TRACK (by NEHEP) Implementation: A Bangladesh Scenario. Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2019;2(1):28-36. doi:10.33805/2638-8235.113.
  25. Mohiuddin AK. Diabetes Fact: Bangladesh Perspective. International Journal of Diabetes Research 2019; 2(1): 14-20. doi: 10.17554/j.issn.2414-2409.2019.02.12
  26. Alam G, Shahjamal M, Al-Amin A, Azam M. State of Pharmacy Education in Bangladesh. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;12(6):1106. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.36.
  27. Mazid MA, Rashid MA. Pharmacy Education and Career Opportunities for Pharmacists in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2011;14(1):1-9.
  28. Saha T, Bhuiya RH, Masum ZU, Islam MR, Chowdhury JA. Hospital Pharmacy Management System and Future Development Approaches in Bangladeshi Hospital. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2018;20(2):180-187. doi:10.3329/bpj.v20i2.37883.
  29. Jakaria M. Pharmacy practices in Bangladesh. The Independent/Stethoscope, August 03, 2015.
  30. Islam MA, Gunaseelan S, Khan SA, Khatun F, Talukder R. Current challenges in pharmacy education in Bangladesh: A roadmap for the future. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. 2014;6(5):730-735. doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2014.05.020.
  31. Alam GM, Al-Amin AQ. Role of Pharmacy Education in National Development of Bangladesh: A Scope for Public and Private Sectors. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2014;48(4):11-21. doi:10.5530/ijper.48.4.3.
  32. UNB. No respite from coronavirus in Bangladesh; 10 new deaths, 390 fresh cases. Bangladesh, April 22, 2020.
  33. Senior Correspondent. Coronavirus cases detected in 11 districts, more than half of them in Dhaka. bdnews24.com, 06.04.2020.
  34. Nabi MS, Shovon FR. 20-fold rise in Covid-19 cases in Bangladesh since April 1. DhakaTribune, April 14, 2020.
  35. Rabbi AR, Tithila KK. Coronavirus: 10 dead, 390 test positive in 24hrs as virus spreads to 55 districts. DhakaTribune, April 22, 2020.
  36. The Financial Express. Entire Bangladesh is at risk: Health Directorate. National, 16 April, 2020.
  37. Masum O. Dhaka hospitals turning away patients with fever, cold needing coronavirus tests. bdnews24.com, 19.03.2020.
  38. Staff Correspondent. Health minister vows to punish private hospitals for turning away patients. bdnews24.com, 03.04.2020.
  39. Islam Z, Mollah S. Admission to Hospitals: Patients left in quandary. The Daily Star, 24.03.2020.
  40. Akhter F. COVID-19 and healthcare denial. NEWAGE OPINION, 02.04.2020.
  41. UNB. DU student ‘denied treatment by hospitals’ dies. The Financial Express/National, 07.04.2020.
  42. Chowdhury T. Poor Bangladeshis being turned away from hospitals. Al Jazeera America News/Bangladesh, 07.04.2020.
  43. Tribune Report. Police lock down 52 areas in Dhaka. DhakaTribune, 08.04.2020.
  44. Tajmim T. Bangladesh has only 29 ICU beds to fight coronavirus! The Business standard, 24.03.2020.
  45. Mahmud I. Bangladesh police struggle enforcing pandemic shutdown. NEWAGE Bangladesh, April 11,2020.
  46. Azhar S, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MI, Ahmad M, Masood I, Shafie AA. The role of pharmacists in developing countries: the current scenario in Pakistan. Hum Resour Health. 2009;7:54. Published 2009 Jul 13. doi:10.1186/1478-4491-7-54
  47. Sakeena MHF, Bennett AA, McLachlan AJ. Enhancing pharmacists' role in developing countries to overcome the challenge of antimicrobial resistance: a narrative review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018 May 2;7:63. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0351-z.
  48. Sakeena MHF, Bennett AA, McLachlan AJ. The Need to Strengthen the Role of the Pharmacist in Sri Lanka: Perspectives. Pharmacy (Basel). 2019;7(2):54. Published 2019 Jun 5. doi:10.3390/pharmacy7020054
  49. Rayes IK, Hassali MA, Abduelkarem AR. The role of pharmacists in developing countries: The current scenario in the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(5):470–474. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2014.02.004
  50. Paul TR, Rahman MA, Biswas M, Rashid M, Islam MAU. Practice of Hospital Pharmacy in Bangladesh: Current Perspective. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2015;17(2):187-192. doi:10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22339.
  51. The Pharmaceutical Journal. Development of Hospital Pharmacy in Bangladesh. News & analysis, June 01, 2009.
  52. Chowdhury F, Sturm-Ramirez K, Mamun AA, et al. Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:479–486. Published 2017 Mar 6. doi:10.2147/PPA.S121800
  53. AlShayban DM, Naqvi AA, Islam MA, et al. Patient Satisfaction and Their Willingness to Pay for a Pharmacist Counseling Session in Hospital and Community Pharmacies in Saudi Healthcare Settings. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:138. Published 2020 Mar 2. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00138
  54. Khan AN, Khan MU, Shoaib MH, Yousuf RI, Mir SA. Practice nurses and pharmacists: a perspective on the expectation and experience of nurses for future collaboration. Oman Med J. 2014;29(4):271–275. doi:10.5001/omj.2014.71
  55. Jorgenson D, Dalton D, Farrell B, Tsuyuki RT, Dolovich L. Guidelines for pharmacists integrating into primary care teams. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2013;146(6):342–352. doi:10.1177/1715163513504528
  56. Safitrih L, Perwitasari DA, Ndoen N, Dandan KL. Health Workers' Perceptions and Expectations of the Role of the Pharmacist in Emergency Units: A Qualitative Study in Kupang, Indonesia. Pharmacy (Basel). 2019;7(1):31. Published 2019 Mar 22. doi:10.3390/pharmacy7010031
  57. Chevalier B, Neville HL, Thompson K, Nodwell L, MacNeil M. Health Care Professionals' Opinions and Expectations of Clinical Pharmacy Services on a Surgical Ward. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2016;69(6):439–448. doi:10.4212/cjhp.v69i6.1606
  58. Schneider PJ. Evaluating the impact of telepharmacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Dec 1;70(23):2130-5. doi: 10.2146/ajhp130138.
  59. Watanabe JH, McInnis T, Hirsch JD. Cost of Prescription Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality. Ann Pharmacother. 2018 Sep;52(9):829-837. doi: 10.1177/1060028018765159.
  60. Littauer SL, Dixon DL, Mishra VK, Sisson EM, Salgado TM. Pharmacists providing care in the outpatient setting through telemedicine models: a narrative review. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017;15(4):1134. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2017.04.1134
  61. Langarizadeh M, Tabatabaei MS, Tavakol K, Naghipour M, Rostami A, Moghbeli F. Telemental Health Care, an Effective Alternative to Conventional Mental Care: a Systematic Review. Acta Inform Med. 2017;25(4):240–246. doi:10.5455/aim.2017.25.240-246
  62. Zheng SQ, Yang L, Zhou PX, Li HB, Liu F, Zhao RS. Recommendations and guidance for providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A China perspective. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020;. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.012
  63. Carico RR Jr, Sheppard J, Thomas CB. Community pharmacists and communication in the time of COVID-19: Applying the health belief model [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 26]. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020;S1551-7411(20)30293-X. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.017
  64. Cadogan CA, Hughes CM. On the frontline against COVID-19: Community pharmacists' contribution during a public health crisis. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 Mar 31. pii: S1551-7411(20)30292-8. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.015.
  65. Miller S, Patel N, Vadala T, Abrons J, Cerulli J. Defining the pharmacist role in the pandemic outbreak of novel H1N1 influenza. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012;52(6):763-7. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2012.11003.
  66. Sorwar G, Rahamn MM, Uddin R, Hoque MR. Cost and Time Effectiveness Analysis of a Telemedicine Service in Bangladesh. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2016;231:127-134.
  67. Vassallo DJ, Swinfen P, Swinfen R, Wootton R. Experience with a low-cost telemedicine system in three developing countries. J Telemed Telecare. 2001;7 Suppl 1:56-8.
  68. Rahman MS, Shuvo MH. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET). 2015;4(6):4810-4822. doi:10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0406131. Available In: http://www.ijirset.com/upload/2015/june/131_Advancement.pdf
  69. Nessa A, Ameen MA, Ullah S, Kwak KS. Applicability of Telemedicine in Bangladesh: Current Status and Future Prospects. 2008 Third International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology. 2008:138-145. doi:10.1109/iccit.2008.236.
  70. Khatun F, Heywood AE, Hanifi SMA, Rahman MS, Ray PK, Liaw ST, Bhuiya A. Gender differentials in readiness and use of mHealth services in a rural area of Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017 Aug 18;17(1):573. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2523-6.
  71. Ahmed T, Lucas H, Khan AS, Islam R, Bhuiya A, Iqbal M. eHealth and mHealth initiatives in Bangladesh: a scoping study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Jun 16;14:260. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-260.
  72. Hossain MN, Okajima H, Kitaoka H, Yokota F, Ahmed A. eHealth Consumer Behavior. International Series on Computer Entertainment and Media Technology Behavior Engineering and Applications. 2018:129-147. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76430-6_6.
  73. Star Online Report. For emergency, dial 999. The Daily Star, December 12, 2017.
  74. Alif A. Coronavirus: Frustration rising over inadequate hotline services. DhakaTribune, March 19, 2020.
  75. Baldoni S, Amenta F, Ricci G. Telepharmacy Services: Present Status and Future Perspectives: A Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(7):327. Published 2019 Jul 1. doi:10.3390/medicina55070327
  76. Poudel A, Nissen LM. Telepharmacy: a pharmacist's perspective on the clinical benefits and challenges [published correction appears in Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2016 Nov 10;5:83]. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2016;5:75–82. Published 2016 Oct 26. doi:10.2147/IPRP.S101685
  77. Mohiuddin AK. Clinical Pharmacists in Chronic Care. Global Journal of Medical Research. 2019:1-60. doi:10.34257/gjmrkvol19is8pg1.
  78. Alexander E, Butler CD, Darr A, Jenkins MT, Long RD, Shipman CJ, Stratton TP.  ASHP Statement on Telepharmacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017 May 1;74(9):e236-e241. doi: 10.2146/ajhp170039.
  79. Raposo VL. Telemedicine: The legal framework (or the lack of it) in Europe. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2016;12:Doc03. Published 2016 Aug 16. doi:10.3205/hta000126
  80. Crico C, Renzi C, Graf N, et al. mHealth and telemedicine apps: in search of a common regulation. Ecancermedicalscience. 2018;12:853. Published 2018 Jul 11. doi:10.3332/ecancer.2018.853
  81. Cimperman M, Bren?i? MM, Trkman P, Stanonik Mde L. Older adults' perceptions of home telehealth services. Telemed J E Health. 2013;19(10):786–790. doi:10.1089/tmj.2012.0272
  82. van Houwelingen CT, Ettema RG, Antonietti MG, Kort HS. Understanding Older People's Readiness for Receiving Telehealth: Mixed-Method Study. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(4):e123. Published 2018 Apr 6. doi:10.2196/jmir.8407
  83. Evans J, Papadopoulos A, Silvers CT, et al. Remote Health Monitoring for Older Adults and Those with Heart Failure: Adherence and System Usability. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(6):480–488. doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0140
  84. Goodridge D, Marciniuk D. Rural and remote care: Overcoming the challenges of distance. Chron Respir Dis. 2016;13(2):192–203. doi:10.1177/1479972316633414
  85. Whitten P, Holtz B, Laplante C. Telemedicine: What have we learned?. Appl Clin Inform. 2010;1(2):132–141. Published 2010 May 5. doi:10.4338/ACI-2009-12-R-0020
  86. Iftikhar S, Saqib A, Sarwar MR, Sarfraz M, Arafat M, Shoaib Q-U-A. Capacity and willingness to use information technology for managing chronic diseases among patients: A cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan. Plos One. 2019;14(1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209654.
  87. Zhou L, Thieret R, Watzlaf V, Dealmeida D, Parmanto B. A Telehealth Privacy and Security Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Telehealth Providers: Development and Validation. Int J Telerehabil. 2019;11(1):3–14. Published 2019 Jun 12. doi:10.5195/ijt.2019.6276
  88. Smith KA, Zhou L, Watzlaf VJM. User Authentication in Smartphones for Telehealth. Int J Telerehabil. 2017;9(2):3–12. Published 2017 Nov 20. doi:10.5195/ijt.2017.6226
  89. Hale TM, Kvedar JC. Privacy and Security Concerns in Telehealth. AMA Journal of Ethics. 2014;16(12):981-985. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2014.16.12.jdsc1-1412.
  90. Arora S, Yttri J, Nilse W. Privacy and Security in Mobile Health (mHealth) Research. Alcohol Res. 2014;36(1):143–151.
  91. Sankaranarayanan J, Murante LJ, Moffett LM. A retrospective evaluation of remote pharmacist interventions in a telepharmacy service model using a conceptual framework. Telemed J E Health. 2014;20(10):893–901. doi:10.1089/tmj.2013.0362
  92. Nittari G, Khuman R, Baldoni S, Pallotta G, Battineni G, Sirignano A, Amenta F, Ricci G. Telemedicine Practice: Review of the Current Ethical and Legal Challenges. Telemed J E Health. 2020 Feb 12. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2019.0158.
  93. Koumaditis K, Themistocleous M, Morabito V. New Trends in Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) Integration. Handbook of Research on ICTs for Human-Centered Healthcare and Social Care Services. 2013:784-801. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-3986-7.ch041.
  94. Steckler T. Telepharmacy: Controversy and Promise. J Pharm Technol. 2016;32(6):227–229. doi:10.1177/8755122516670415
  95. Marcoux RM, Vogenberg FR. Telehealth: Applications From a Legal and Regulatory Perspective. P T. 2016;41(9):567–570.
  96. Bashshur RL, Shannon G, Krupinski EA, Grigsby J. Sustaining and realizing the promise of telemedicine. Telemed J E Health. 2013;19(5):339–345. doi:10.1089/tmj.2012.0282
  97. Zhao M, Hamadi H, Haley DR, Xu J, White-Williams C, Park S. Telehealth: Advances in Alternative Payment Models. Telemedicine and e-Health. 2020. doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0294.
  98. Gilman M, Stensland J. Telehealth and Medicare: payment policy, current use, and prospects for growth. Medicare Medicaid Res Rev. 2013;3(4):mmrr.003.04.a04. Published 2013 Dec 4. doi:10.5600/mmrr.003.04.a04
  99. Osterweil D. Telehealth Is Ready, Payment System Isnt. Caring for the Ages. 2009;10(11):17. doi:10.1016/s1526-4114(09)60305-x.